4^th World Congress on
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

Neurotology is a branch of otology concerned with those parts of the nervous system related to the ear, especially the inner ear and associated brainstem structures also called Otoneurology. Otology generally refers to the treatment of middle ear disease and resultant conductive hearing loss, whereas neurology refers to treatment of inner ear conditions, or hearing and balance disorders. In this section we will discuss about Vestibular neuronitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Hearing loss and deafness, Labyrinthectomy, Vertigo, Perforated eardrum & Neuro Otolaryngology.

Neurosurgery is a discipline of medicine and the specialty which deals with the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of disorders of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Neurological surgery includes the evaluation and diagnosis , operative and non-operative treatment, critical care and rehabilitation with disorders of the nervous system. Our Broad aim by conducting this session is to encourage the study, Improve the practice and elevate the standards of Neurosurgery and therapy to advance the cause of Public Health which would be done by the neurosurgeons to treat the disorders.

Paediatrics ENT deals with children having common illnesses such as tonsillitis, sinusitis and ear infections (otitis media) using the latest guidelines for medical treatment and the most advanced techniques for surgical treatment. Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngology disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes.

An ear disorder is frequently a bacterial or viral disease that influences the centre of the ear, the air-filled space behind the Eardrum that contains the modest vibrating bones of the ear. Kids are more probable than grown-ups to get ear contaminations. Ear contaminations every now and again are difficult in view of aggravation and development of liquids in the centre ear. Since ear contaminations regularly clear up without anyone else, treatment may start with overseeing torment and observing the issue. Ear disorder in babies and extreme cases by and large frequently require anti-toxin drugs. Long haul issues identified with ear diseases — tireless liquids in the centre ear, determined contaminations or continuous contaminations — can cause hearing issues and different genuine intricacies. In this tracks we rehearse a part of the issue related to ear issue and treatment, for instance, extraordinary outside Otitis, Prechondritis pinna - Cauliflower ear, intrinsic variations from the norm Microtia, Atresia, Otomycosis and Cochlear Implants

A myringotomy or Ear Surgery is a typical medical procedure to make a hole in the ear drum. It is ordinarily combined with the addition of a tympanostomy tube, a tiny tube that is placed in the newly created hole in the ear drum, which enables infectious material to deplete from the middle ear. The methodology is performed by an otolaryngologist or ENT Surgeon. The surgery might be performed uniquely on one ear if the middle ear issue is available just on one side or on the two ears if required. The methodology is quite often observed under five years old yet may likewise be performed on more seasoned kids and grown-ups. The technique is a brief arrangement however can be rehashed if necessary as the ear tubes eventually fall out.

Laryngology is that branch of medication which manages clutters, infections and wounds of the vocal device, particularly the larynx. The track of Laryngology will manage disorders, infections and wounds of the vocal contraption, particularly the larynx. Regular conditions tended to by laryngologists incorporate vocal overlay knobs and blisters, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papilloma’s, and voice abuse/manhandle/abuse disorders. The absolute most regular sickness is because of unnecessary talking, throat clearing, hacking, smoking, shouting, singing, or talking too wildly or too low.

Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue which is the lining of sinuses. Normally, sinus is filled with air, but when sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an infection. Conditions which may cause sinus blockage include the common cold, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum. In children, common environmental factors that contribute to sinusitis include allergies, illness from other children at day care or school, pacifiers, bottle drinking while lying on one's back, and smoke in the environment. In this tracks we will come across topics such as Acute sinusitis, Antimicrobial resistance profiles of ocular and nasal flora, Sinus headaches - Causes and treatment & Pediatric sinusitis. Fungal and Bacterial Rhino sinusitis is caused due to microorganisms affecting the nasal membranes. Irresistible Rhinitis or Rhino sinusitis can be dealt with by inoculations while hypersensitive rhinitis can be dealt with by intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines.

Rhinitis is a condition happens because of aggravation and bothering of Mucous layer. The aggravation is caused by the degranulation of pole cells in the nose. Aggravation of mucous layer is caused because of allergens like dust and dander. Rhinitis can be delegated Allergic Rhinitis and non - unfavourably susceptible Rhinitis basing on the causative specialist. Unfavourably susceptible rhinitis is basic in a few nations like United States, of around 10%– 30% grown-ups are influenced every year.

Head, Neck and Oral Oncology envelops all parts of clinical practice, fundamental and translational research on the etiology, pathophysiology, finding, evaluation, administration, development and forecast of patients with head and neck tumours and carotid body tumour. The Head and Neck Surgery track will give the points of interest of cutting edge indicative testing and driving edge medicinal and surgical treatment for the full extent of head and neck conditions. Head and Neck disease is emphatically connected with certain natural and way of life hazard factors, including tobacco smoking, liquor utilization, UV light, specific chemicals utilized as a part of specific work environments, and certain strains of infections, for example, human papillomavirus. These tumours are much of the time forceful in their biologic conduct; patients with these kinds of disease are at a higher danger of building up another growth in the head and neck territory. Head and neck disease is exceedingly treatable if identified early, for the most part through surgery, yet radiation treatment may likewise assume an imperative part, while chemotherapy is regularly incapable. This track talks about Squamous cell carcinoma, Oral Epidemiology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer infections, Carotid body tumour and HNS Oncology.

Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear, specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system; it is commonly medication-induced.

Deaf blindness is a combination of sight and hearing loss that affects a person’s ability to communicate, to access all kinds of information, and to get around. Deaf blindness is not just a deaf person who cannot see, or a blind person who cannot hear. The two impairments together increase the effects of each. People of all ages can have a sight or hearing impairment. It may have been from birth, or due to deterioration later in life. But most deaf blind people have some vision and hearing.

According to the American Academy of Audiology, one in three people over the age of 60 experience some type of age-related hearing loss. In people over the age of 85, this number increases to one in two. Age-related hearing loss is also known as presbycusis. Although age-related hearing loss is not a life-threatening condition, it can have a significant impact on your quality of life if left untreated.

Hyperacusus is a health condition characterized by over-sensitivity to certain frequency and volume ranges of sound, a collapsed tolerance to usual environmental sound. A person with severe hyperacusis has difficulty tolerating everyday sounds, some of which may seem unpleasantly or painfully loud to that person but not to others. It can be acquired because of damage sustained to the hearing apparatus, or inner ear. There is speculation that the efferent portion of the auditory nerve has been affected, efferent meaning fibres that originate in the brain which serve to regulate sounds. This theory suggests that the efferent fibres of the auditory nerve are selectively damaged, while the hair cells that allow the hearing of pure tones in an audiometric evaluation remain intact.

The perception of sound in the absence of actual external sound-represents a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a single disease. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underlying tinnitus. Tinnitus, the noise can be intermittent or continuous, and is very loud. It is often associated with hearing loss, it does not cause the loss, nor does a hearing loss cause tinnitus. People with tinnitus experience no difficulty hearing, and in a few cases,  they even become so sensitive to sound that they must take steps to muffle or mask external noises. Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is the most common cause of tinnitus. Up to 90% of people with tinnitus have some level of noise-induced hearing loss. The noise causes permanent damage to the sound-sensitive cells of the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear. A single exposure to a sudden extremely loud noise can also cause tinnitus. This track deals some of the most important topic which includes: Chronic sensorineural tinnitus, Tinnitus from sound exposure, Pharmacological treatment and Behavioural treatment, Electrical stimulation and vascular compression of the auditory nerve.

The primary function of the immune system of the mouth is to protect the teeth, jaws, gingivae and oral mucosa against infection. These host defences vary in the different oral microenvironments or domains represented by the oral mucosa, saliva and gingival crevice. This review aims to consider and contrast the main immune components in each domain and cites examples of oral diseases where the immune response is defective. Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Kartagener’s syndrome etc. Sinonasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumors can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, transnasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sinonasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a day.

Physiological Disorders of Ear, Nose & Throat causes certain disorders like Chronic nasal obstruction, Nasal polyposis, epistaxis and myasis, Rhinorrhoea & Rhinolith, Septal hematoma, Deviated nasal septum, Nasal reflexes, Post-Nasal drip & Young’s syndrome, cleft palate, Cartagena’s syndrome etc. Sino nasal disorders like Unified Airway disease, Asthma, tumours can be treated surgically through functional endoscopic sinus surgery, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, trans nasal endoscopic surgery, sinus dilation and stenting etc. Sino nasal anatomy, physiology and development and thyroid disorder is most common now a day.

Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans and affects more than 40 million people worldwide. Over recent years, more than 100 genetic loci have been linked to hearing loss and many of the affected genes have been identified. This understanding of the genetic pathways that regulate auditory function has revealed new targets for pharmacological treatment of the disease. Moreover, approaches that are based on stem cells and gene therapy, which may have the potential to restore or maintain auditory function, are beginning to emerge. During this track we will go through some of the important topics such as Otological transplants and implants, Stapedectomy, Middle ear and brain stem implantable hearing devices and Evidence-Based management of otitis media with effusion

Most common type of sleep apnea and is caused by complete or partial obstructions of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive episodes of shallow or paused breathing during sleep, despite the effort to breathe, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep. In the most common form this follows loud snoring. There may be a choking or snorting sound as breathing resumes. As it disrupts normal sleep, those affected are often sleepy or tired during the day. In children it may cause problems in school or hyperactivity. There are three forms of sleep apnea, obstructive (OSA), central (CSA), and a combination of the two. OSA is the most common form. Risk factors for OSA include being overweight, a family history of the condition, allergies, and enlarged tonsils. In OSA, breathing is interrupted by a blockage of airflow, while in CSA breathing stops due to a lack of effort to breathe. People with sleep apnea are often not aware they have it. Often it is picked up by a family member. Sleep apnea is often diagnosed with an overnight sleep study.

The degree of conditions that otolaryngologists analyse, and treat are broadly changed and can include the entire face, lips, nose, ears, and neck. Facial plastic surgery is a segment of otolaryngology which is separated into two classifications corrective and reconstructive. Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed for patients with innate inconsistencies, for example, skin colorations on the face, congenital fissure and sense of taste, distending ears, and a warped grin. Different conditions like mishaps, injury, consumes, or a past medical procedure are additionally amended with this sort of medical procedure. Moreover, this technique is required to treat existing maladies like skin malignancy. Corrective facial plastic surgery is performed to improve visual appearance of the facial highlights and structures. Normal strategies incorporate eye lifts, rhinoplasty, facelifts, jawline and cheek inserts, liposuction, and techniques to address facial wrinkles. An otolaryngology specialist is very much prepared to approach these issues.

The study and treatment of voice organs, primarily the mouth, throat (larynx), vocal cords, and lungs, is known as phonology. Vocal cord dysfunction, laryngeal or vocal cord cancer, improper control of the speech organs (speech disorders), and vocal loading issues are among the issues treated in phoniatrics.

The route frameworks utilized in ENT surgery include solid precision inside which the instrument tip area is seen on the observing screen. Otolaryngologists utilizes the new methods in ENT Surgeries, such us Balloon Sinus Dilation System, Malleable Suction Instruments and Patient chase for Image-Guided Surgery. Using the ENT surgery route framework, the ENT specialist utilizes extraordinary instruments, which are followed by the navigation system.

ENT implants and devices are utilized for the determination, treatment or surgical treatment related to ear, nose and throat disorders. It redresses the issues identified with hearing, smelling, speaking and snoring. Otolaryngologists utilizes innovative implants and devices for the treatment, such as, hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone anchored hearing aid, auditory brain stem implant, bone conduction, electric acoustic stimulation.

An anesthetist faces a lot of challenges in the Head and Neck Surgery. The challenges acquaint with airway obstruction or make intubation difficult or impossible. It is very crucial to maintain a safe airway when access to the patient's head may be restricted and it should be adaptable about airway management during surgery, especially in nose and throat procedures. Surgeons may obstruct or uproot airway equipment. The potential for infection of the airway needs to be observed. Whenever an airway problem is recognized intraoperatively, the priority is to solve that issue for the smoother operative procedure.

An SLP will facilitate treat issues associated with speech, hearing, and swallowing. additional specifically Associate in Nursing SLP will facilitate assess and treat:

Fluency: stammering, and cluttering
Speech: articulation
Language: ability, and comprehension of spoken and communication
Cognition: attention, memory, ability to resolve issues
Voice: characteristics of vocal tone
audible habilitation & audible rehabilitation: recovery techniques related to speech, hearing & language disorders
Swallowing disorders: stroke and innate disorders
alternative services: some therapists can focus on alternative services together with skilled voice development, accent or non-standard speech modification, transgender voice, business communication modification, and voice hygiene

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS-CoV-2 that is spread human-to-human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anaesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 3.8% and 20% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter).

It is the recent viral infection which has risen as a pandemic and greatly affecting the majority of world and neutralizes the entire nominal system. From the time virus started to spread, various pharmaceutical industries and universities have been working on finding a suitable vaccine to treat this virus. In the late November, Astrazenca and oxford university have announced that they have been successfully developed the vaccine (with higher efficacy) and since then has been approved by WHO for using the vaccines on a global stage. Bharat Biotech have also successfully developed a vaccine for covid which has been circulated throughout India and around the world. However, there were concerns regarding the efficacy of the vaccine and whether it has undergone every clinical trial possible. These vaccines are currently used around the world in the fight against covid.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is well-characterized as the reflux of gastric substance into larynx and pharynx. LPR is a condition that happens in an individual who has gastroesophageal reflux infection (GERD). Corrosive made in the stomach goes up the throat in this condition. At the point when that stomach corrosive gets up to the throat, it is named laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). LPR is brought about by corrosive present in stomach which froths up into the throat because of (Gastroesophageal reflex ailment) GERD. Luckily, most cases don't require restorative consideration. They can be dealt with variety in their way of life. Individuals who have certain dietary propensities, individuals who routinely wear more tightly fitting or restricting attire, individuals who are large, and individuals who are overemphasized are more to be relied upon to have laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS or OMFS) has some aptitude in treating various diseases, wounds and distortions in the craniofacial regions, for example, head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and sensitive tissues of these areas. OMS goes about as an augmentation among pharmaceutical and dentistry, treating conditions that require authority from the two establishments, for instance, head and neck developments, early dental implant frustration, hostile to disease prophylaxis, salivary organ sicknesses, facial unevenness, facial anguish and bruises and tumors of the jaws and pollutions.

OMS is a generally seen careful distinguishing strength. In countries, for instance, the UK, and most by far of Europe, it is seen as both strength of medicine and dentistry, and a twofold degree in pharmaceutical and dentistry is compulsory. In various countries including the United States, India, Canada, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, and Sweden, it is an apparent specialty of dentistry.

Tonsillectomy involves surgical removal of palatine tonsils through incision made in tonsillar fossa. Surgery performed to stop repeated acute tonsillitis condition. Tonsillectomy accompanied with surgical removal adenoids generally known as adenoidectomy generally performed in association in children. Surgery performed to cure breathing and swallowing problems.